Lighting

 

 

3 point lighting

Today I am going to be talking about 3 point lighting. 3 point lighting is used to make scene clearer when filming, so say a character is in a dark room you want to make the character face as visible as possible so you add a key light. When you add the key light one side of the character face is still a bit darker. So you add a fill light which is more focus and dimmer than the key light to the opposite side of the face. Giving the camera a clear image of the face but you cannot see the back or side of the face or even the background clearly so you add a back light which gives you a brighter clearer image.

High Key Lighting
A High Key is used to create a large amount of light around a subject which is linked to 3 point lighting.

Low Key Lighting
A Low key Lighting is using little amount of lighting which is used to create suspense in the horror or dramatic thriller genre.

Transitions

Straight Cut
An instantaneous cut between two shots can be used to move through within a scene or between a scene.

Fade in or out
The shot turns to or from black telling the scene has began or ended.

Dissolve
A merging between two shots signals a passing of time.

Wipe
A line wipes off one shot to the next; signal a move to a different scene.

Iris
The shot shrinks in a circle to the next shot; signal a move to a different scene.

Composition

Symmetrical
Symmetrical describes an image that is centralised and balanced, which creates an ordered and controlled meaning.

Asymmetrical
Asymmetrical describes an image that is imbalanced and not centralised, which creates a more realistic meaning.

Shot Size Types

Extreme close up
The object or subject covers the entire scene to show immense detail or in horror films the reaction of the character.

Close up
Similar to an extreme close up shot but instead its least zoom in but shows characters reaction or  in romantic film intimacy between two lovers.

Medium shot
A shot taken to about waist with nothing really important linked to its mainly used to show body language of a certain character or give the audience the chance to analyse the character.

Long Shot
This shot is giant zoomed out shot usual having the character in centre as well as most of the background in filming it is mainly used in establishing the scene.

Mise en Scene Part 3

Layout
House style- This involves the setting of certain standards for use of typography, layout, colours e.g for a certain brand/magazine/newspaper that remains consistent for ease of recognition by audiences.

Symmetrical describes an image that is centralised and balanced, which creates an ordered and controlled meaning.

Asymmetrical describes an image that is imbalanced and not centralised, which creates a more realistic meaning.

Columns and boxes- The use of columns for the copy and boxes helps create a sense of order for the text and helps the audience navigate their way through the text.

Ratio of copy, images and space- The ratio of copy to images and space on a page helps create meaning. More copy suggests it is for a more literary audience, more images are used for a more visual audience, and the extra use of space tends to be used for a more artistic audience.

Headline- This is the first and biggest statement in a magazine and other.

Caption- These are short statement  that help anchor meaning under images.

Strapline- This is normally a subheading for an article. The term is also sometimes used to refer to advertising slogan.

Standfirst- This is the first paragraph of an article that is usually in a slightly larger typeface and may be emboldened to draw the audience's attention to it. It will normally contain an eye-catching statement.

Colour
Housestyle- The use of dominant colours to create the house style of a band.
Colour saturation- The process of changing the colour level of images to create certain meaning and effects.
Choice of colour- The use of colour to create meanings and associations in a text.     

Mise en Scene Part 2

Image
Graphics- The use of logo design and motifs to create meaning for the audience
Depth of field- This occurs when the camera focuses on a certain part of a image
Digital manipulation- The use of digital effects to enhance and change the image.

Language
Formal and informal register- The use of language in the text to create either, a formal and official meaning for the audience, or one that is more informal and relaxed.
Slogan- This is a term used to refer to a line of copy on an advert.
Copy- This is the term used to refer to the actual text in an advert or article.
Direct mode of address- This text can refer to the audience using "you to engage them in the text.
Linguistic techniques- Something to catch the audience eye.

Typography
Serif and sans-serif typefaces
Serif typefaces are normally used for headlines and large texts, as serifs contain extra features added to letters to make them stand out.
Sans-serif typefaces are used for the main body of text, as they do not have the additional features and are therefore easier to read in smaller font sizes.
Specialist typeface-This involves using more elaborate and eye-catching typefaces than the traditional serif ones.
Font size/ Italics/ Bold/ Underlines- The size and style of the font will create meaning and emphasis for the audience. The larger it is, the more important it seems to be.

Rhythm

Slow Motion
This is where the action is slowed down from real time to help add a more dramatic/unrealistic feel to the scene.

Speeded up
This is where the action is sped up to add a more comedic feel to the scene or to signal the passing of time.

Audio Technical Codes

Sound Effect
Sounds of objects added to the ambient sounds.

Diegetic Sound
Sound that comes from the world of text like a door of opening.

Non-diegetic Sound
This is the sound outside the world of text like a intro theme tune not part of the film world.

Voice-over
The thought and dialogue of a character, but it is not diegetic as it is not part of the real world of the text. This can be classed under asynchronous sound, as we do not see it happen.

Sound bridge
Sound effects that we hear in one scene and carry over to the next. Alternatively, it can be a sound from the location that is being cut to, but we hear it first before the cut.

Synchronous Sound
Sound which is produced in the world of the text and can be views being created and produced like someone speaking.

Asynchronous Sound
This is sound which is in the world of the text but the audience cannot see it being produced and therefore is more significance eg footstep hear it but not see it

Contrapuntal Sound
This is non-diegetic sound which can clash with the diegetic sounds we hear. The music soundtrack clashes with the tone and mood of the scene. eg resviur dogs

Film Colour

Technicolor
A process of colour cinematography using synchronized monochrome films to produce emphasis the colours.

Black and white
A basic process of getting rid of all colour giving a black and white look giving it a historical feel.

Lens type

Wide Angle lens
A wide angle lens is a angle view of 60 or more giving a small focus length its mainly used to expand the film setting.

Normal
It does what it says its the normal shot type nothing particular unique about it

Telephoto Lens
A telephoto lens is a special long focus lens in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the focal length used to see long distances or in films it maybe show from close up shot someone spying.

Film Stock

Film Grain/Blotchy is like a filter for filming and photography creating a sort of documentary style while smooth gives it a more natural look.

Camera Angles

Low Angle shot
A Low angle shot is used in character analyse for example if you do a low angle shot on a man it show that he is more powerful and dominant than the other characters in the film

High Angle shot
A High Angle is the opposite of the low angle if this used on a character it shows that is weak or powerless it is mainly used in horror movies for example Scream.

Eye Level
Is one of the most unused camera angle in the history of filming because their never a good moment to used apart from one genre romance because it can show intimacy or equality between characters.

Canted Angles
When the camera is slightly slanted to the left or right to create a sense of uneasiness or distortion of reality.

Focus

Selective Focus
The camera draws attention to one object on subject than a extreme close up in films.

Soft Focus
Shooting a subject slightly out of focus to create a sense of nostalgia or connote a dream sequence.

Deep Focus
Deep focus is used to show all character or object are important.

Shallow Focus
Shallow focus is used to draw attention to a certain character or object in the foreground

Focus Pulls
Pulling a certain character or object is in focus and the lens is pulled to focus on something in the background.

http://www.mediacollege.com/video/camera/focus/pull.html

Mise en scene definitions What is in the frame

Setting
Where the location of where the media takes place.
Inside-Feeling Trapped, closed in
Outside-Freedom, open air
Time/period-Where and When history wise

Props
Props are carefully chosen they should tell you something about the person in the image.
Woman picks up a knife going to die by the knife.
Mountain Bike-Tough,durable, adventurous

Non-verbal communication
Non-verbal communication is really body language what can you see by their actions.
Stiff-On edge, worried
Facial expression-Angry, sad

Costumes
What their are wearing.
Ripped Jeans- Rebellious
Scarf and Glasses- Hipster
Lots of make-up- Tarty

Colours
Colours can have different meaning for example
Red-Danger
Green-Naturalness
Blue-Cold
Brown- Dull
Gold-Influence and Richness
Orange- Sunny and Bright
Purple-Royalty and  Rich texture

Continuity Editing

Axis
An imaginary line between two character

180 Degree Rule
Put an imaginary line between two character the camera must stay on one side of the line.

30 Degree Rule
Cuts must move by at least 30 degrees to avoid a jump cut or tangent cut which could confuse the audience.

Establishing Shot
Used to establish the scene


Shot Reverse Shot
Example where one character is shown looking at another character and then the other character looking back at the first character. Since the character are shown facing opposite direction the audience believe that they are looking at each other.

Montage
A scene that condense a range of times and activities in a short sequence usually to show progress

Spatial Axes of Actions
This is where there are two different axis of action in the same setting eg two conversation at the same time.

Cross-Cutting
This is where a set of scene that take place in different setting, but at the same time, are inter-cut together to create tension and excitement.

Temporal Axes of Action
This is where two scene in the same location but at different times are edited together like flashbacks.

Temporal Planes of Action
This is where you have two different setting at two different time periods

Camera Movement

Tracking
A tracking shot is similar to a selective focus but instead the camera isn't blurring the rest of the shot but keeps following the certain action or character.


Dolly
A Dolly shot is just the movement of the camera on a tracking usual focusing on a certain action or character.


Steady cam
A camera moves more freely through the shot through the action
Handheld
A handheld means that someone is actually holding the camera

Zoom
Camera lens focus on action zooming towards or away from the shots.

Crane Shot
Camera is elevated above normal height mainly used to establish the scene

Aerial Shot
Camera shoots from above using a helicopter giving a wide angle view or bird eye view.